多层次的房屋安全综合评估模型及应用

Study and application of the comprehensive evaluation model for the safety evaluation of existing buildings

为了更为科学地对房屋的安全状态进行评价,提出多层次的房屋安全综合评估模型。首先,在对房屋安全影响因素进行分析的基础上,分析房屋安全影响因素,建立多层次的房屋安全综合评价指标体系,首层指标包括房屋承重系统、非承重围护及建筑附属物、设施设备等三大指标,每一指标下层又包含多个评价指标。其次,对各层评价指标进行安全等级划分,并给出安全等级评定依据。第三,对房屋安全进行安全等级划分,并给出安全等级评定方法,建立房屋安全综合评估流程。采用所提模型,可对房屋的结构安全、使用安全以及房屋整体的安全状态进行评估。对上海市某办公大楼进行安全评估应用表明,所提出的综合评估模型在既有房屋安全评估中具有较好的适用性,评估结果可较为全面真实地反映既有房屋的安全状态,从而为房屋安全管理和决策提供。

In order to evaluate the security status of the building more scientifically,a multi-level comprehensive evaluation model for the safety evaluation of the existing buildings was established.Firstly,based on the investigating and survey of the hidden dangers of the existing buildings,a multi-level comprehensive evaluation index system was established.Secondly,divided the security levels and put forward their evaluation criteria for every index and for the structural safety,the use safety and the safety of the whole building.Thirdly,the comprehensive evaluation process for the safety evaluation of the existing buildings was established.As an example,the safety level of an old government building in Shanghai was evaluated.According to the results,the comprehensive evaluation model has a good applicability on the safety evaluation of the existing buildings and the evaluation results could be comprehensively reflect the actual security status of the building,which can provide the basis for the safety management and decision making for the building.