企业环境技术创新激励政策优化组合模拟与分析

Simulation and Analysis of Optimal Policy Combination for Incentive of Enterprise Environmental Technology Innovation

企业环境技术创新是实现经济可持续发展和环境保护双重目标的重要途径。由于环境技术创新的不确定性和双重外部性,环境政策成为激励企业环境技术创新的重要驱动力。已有研究存在环境政策工具研究视角单一的问题,难以反映政策组合中不同政策之间的相互作用对企业环境技术创新的影响。基于社会科学计算实验方法,构建企业环境技术创新动态仿真模型,通过模拟不同环境政策情景下企业环境技术创新过程,探索不同政策工具及其组合对企业环境技术创新行为的影响。首先,介绍模型对应的现实场景,在对现实场景抽象简化的基础上,对模型中相关主体的属性、行为规则和交互规则进行详细描述,说明模型的具体实现过程和相关参数;其次,根据研究问题的需要设置多种实验情景,分别进行模拟实验;最后,分析实验结果。研究结果表明,由于环境创新产品的市场竞争力决定企业对环境创新技术的采用行为,因此政策工具的制定应立足于促进环境创新技术的发展,以提高创新产品的市场预期,降低创新技术采用成本。在市场机制与企业竞争的共同作用下,当环境创新产品市场竞争力较弱时,单一的补贴政策对环境创新技术促进效果不明显,应考虑多种政策工具的优化组合。严格的环境税费制度与环境创新产品价格补贴政策组合,可有效促进企业环境技术创新,但严格的环境税费制度在激励创新的同时,可能增加企业负担,因此在创新技术更替的过程中会有大量资金力量薄弱、技术落后的企业被淘汰;宽松的环境税费制度与补贴环境创新产品市场的政策工具组合,通过环境税费预期提高企业对环境创新技术的预期,提前为技术更替做好准备,从而可以在维持企业正常经营的前提下,逐步促进企业环境技术创新,完成新旧技术更替。所构建的模型可以作为环境政策设计的参考工具,通过设置政策情景并展开模拟实验,分析其对企业环境技术创新行为的长短期影响。

Enterprise environmental technology innovation is an important way to realize both objectives of sustainable economic development and environmental protection. Due to the existence of uncertainty and double externality in environmental innovation,multiple environmental policies have become an important driving force to inspire enterprises implementing environmental innovation. At present,most of current researches only studied the influence of a single policy and thus difficult to reflect the interactions of combined effect.Based on computational experimental method in social science,in this study,we construct a dynamic simulation model for enterprise environmental behavior. Through simulating the process of enterprise environmental innovation under different policies,we explore the impact of different combination of different environmental policies on enterprise environmental behavior.In the paper,we firstly introduce the models corresponding reality scenarios. Based on the abstraction and simplification of realistic scenarios,we illustrate characteristics,behavior rules and interaction rules of related agents and explain the simulation process and related parameters. Then,according to the research problems,we set up a variety of experimental scenarios and respectively conduct the simulation. Finally,we analyze each experimental result.The experiment results show that the enterprise’s adoption of environmental innovation depends on the competitiveness of innovation products. Therefore,designing environmental policies should be based on the concern of promoting development of environmental innovation technology to reduce cost of adopting innovative technology and improve market expectation of innovative products. With the synergistic effects of market mechanism and competition among enterprises,when the market competitiveness of environmental innovative product is weak,the promoting effect of a single subsidy instrument would not be obvious. Thus the optimized combination of environmental instruments should be come up with. The study shows that strict environmental regulating taxes with innovative product subsidies can effectively promote enterprise environmental innovation. However,because of the increasing burden of environmental taxes,those enterprises whose funds are insufficient and technologies are backward would be eliminated during the technology conversion. On the other hand,the combination of looser environmental regulating taxes and innovation product subsidies can gradually promote enterprise environmental innovation while maintaining their normal operations.In this case,future environmental taxes increase enterprises’ expectation for environmental innovation technology,thus more enterprises prepare to change to innovation technology in advance. Eventually,many of them can eventually change to innovation technology successfully.This model can be used as a reference for designing environmental policies. By setting different policy scenarios and implementing simulation experiments,researcher may analyze the effects of different policies on enterprise’s environmental innovation behavior for a short and long term.