小世界创新网络动态演化及其效应研究

Dynamic evolution of small world innovation network and its effects

低度、中度和高度开放的创新网络在创新集群创立和解体的动态演化过程中,其表现出的小世界性对创新绩效的效应有着较大差异.创新绩效同创新网络小世界性间往往呈现倒U形关系,但该关系只在特定开放度下的创新网络演化到特定阶段才会显现:低度开放的网络的小世界性同创新绩效的倒U形关系在创新集群建立阶段显著,而在创新集群解体阶段不显著;高度开放的网络则恰好相反;在网络演化的其他阶段,小世界性对创新绩效并未构成显著影响.这很可能是由于在创新绩效显著变化的阶段,创新个体的能动性较强,更倾向于接受新知识:在低度开放的网络中,创新绩效显著上升的阶段主要集中于新的创新集群建立的阶段,而在高度开放的网络则主要集中于原有创新集群解体的阶段.对中国专利合作发明数据的回归分析结果为该研究结论提供了实证依据.因此,应当保持一个适度集聚的创新网络,以保证其不会传播过多冗余信息;应在创新网络演化的不同阶段采用不同的开放策略,以充分利用高度和低度开放的创新网络演化到不同阶段所发挥的优势,同时,应当主动按照新兴技术下的新形势适当调整创新网络结构关系.

Based on the method of numerical simulation,this paper studies the impact of small worldliness on innovation performance of networks with low,medium and high openness in the dynamic evolution process of cluster formation and disruption. As many existing studies found the inverted U relationship between small worldliness and innovation performance,the study further finds that this inverted U relationship only appears in certain phases of network evolution. In networks with low openness,the inverted U relationship is significant in the phases where new clusters are being established,and not significant in the phases where former clusters are disrupting. In networks with high openness,the inverted U relationship is totally contrary. In the other phases of network evolution,small worldliness does not impact innovation performance significantly. This is because when innovation performance increases at a relatively high rate,individuals are more motivated to learn new knowledge. In networks with low openness,the increasing intervals are mainly in the phase where new clusters are being established,while in highly opened networks it is mainly in the phase where former clusters are disrupting. Regression result with the patent co-authorship data in China provides evidence for our conclusions. Policy implications of this study are that we should always keep a moderately clustered network,so that less redundant information are transmitted; Different levels of openness in different phases should be adopted,so that the advantage of different openness in different phases are taken. Organizations should actively react to emerging technology and make the adjustment of network relationship.