宋代军事性会社及其形成背景、特点及社会功能初探

On Background, Characteristics and Social Functionsof Military Societies in the Song Dynasty

军事性社团出现会、社的名称 ,当始于宋。在宋代 ,每当地方不安定 ,民间便纷纷结社自保 ,乡社武装遍布全国 ,主要可分为防卫乡里的民间自保之社和防御外族入侵的保境抗敌之社。会社既有备边保境、维持乡里治安的一面 ,也有对抗官府、滋扰百姓、鱼肉乡里的一面 ,且均带有临时性的特征。

Its at the beginning of the Song Dynasty that military societies have their formal names. In the Song Dynasty, people formed societies everywhere for protecting themselves when their living environment was not safe. Military societies could be divided into 2 types: one is for protecting home places; the other for fighting against the invasion of other races. Usually these societies, on the one hand, could be used to protect home places and the border areas; on the other hand, they could antagonize local feudal governments and disturb people in the community.