早期巴黎外方传教会远东三位代牧的使命

The Missions of Three Apostolic Vicars of Early Les Missions Etrangères de Paris(MEP) in the Far East

1652年,在由越南返回的法国籍耶稣会士罗德神父(Alexandre de Rhodes)推动下,几位法国的教区神父成立了巴黎外方传教会,其宗旨就是向海外传教。1659年年初,传信部正式批准此传教修会,并且由传信部直接管理。因着葡萄牙的保教权,向海外派遣传教士总要受到葡萄牙国王的掣肘。巴黎外方传教会的成立正可以避开葡萄牙国王保教权的牵制。教宗亚历山大七世在成立远东三个宗座代牧区之际,任命了巴黎外方传教会的三位会士为代牧区的代牧主教。东京即今日越南河内的旧名,泛指越南北部地区。东京代牧区,由巴主教(Frangois Pallu)(中文名字陆方济)任代牧主教,并署理中国云南、贵州、湖广、四川、广西五省及老挝的教务。陆方济是巴黎外方传教会的几位创始人之一。交趾支那即今日越南顺化的旧名,泛指越南南部地区。交趾支那代牧区,由郎伯铎主教(Pierre Lambert)任代牧主教,并署理中国东南方浙江、福建、广东、江西及海南岛四省一岛的教务。郎伯铎也是巴黎外方传教会的早期会士之一。南京是大明帝国留都,南京代牧区同时署理中国北方北京、山西、山东、河南、陕西、高丽(朝鲜)和鞑靼(满洲)的教务。南京代牧区成立之初,并没有同时任命代牧,而是在一年后的1660年9月20日,教宗亚历山大七世任命高纳爵(Ignatius Cotolendi)为代牧主教。高纳爵也是巴黎外方传教会的早期会士之一。三位代牧完成了什么样的使命呢?

Droved by the French Jesuit Fr.Alexandre de Rhodes,who came back to France from Vietnam,several French diocesan priests founded a missionary society,that is,Les Missionsétrangères de Paris(MEP)in 1652,for the overseas missions.In 1659,the Propaganda of Faith in Rome ratified the society and put it directly under its direction.Then,Pope Alexandre VII set up three Apostolic Vicariates in the Far East India with three Apostolic Vicars from the members of the MEP.The Apostolic Vicariate of Tongking,today’s the northen part of Vietnam,had bishop Francois Pallu as its Apostolic Vicar and also as Apostolic Administrator of Yunan,Guizhou,Huguang,Sichuan,Guangxi and Lao.The Apostolic Vicariate of Cochinchine,today’s the southen part of Vietnam,had bishop Pierre Lambert as its Apostolic Vicar and also as Apostolic Administrator of Zhejiang,Fujian,Guangdong,Jiangxi and Hainan.And Nanjing,the southen capital of Ming dynasty,as the Apostolic Vicariate of Nanjing,had bishop Ignatius Cotolendi as its Apostolic Vicar and also as Apostolic Administrator of Beijing,Shanxi,Shandong,Henan,Shanxi,Korea and Tartar.Then,this paper will anwer the question ofwhat the missions of the three Apostolic Vicars were.