清中前期天主教会组织称谓探析——以巴黎外方传教会等天主教中文档案所见为中心

An Analysis of the Appellation of Catholic Organization in the Early and Mid-Qing Dynasty:Focusing onthe Chinese Archives of Les Missions Etrangères de Paris(MEP)and Other Catholic Churches

通过多种灵活性和适应性的策略,明清时代的在华天主教实现与地方社会的结合,组织名称的惯用称谓便是其中之一。本文以巴黎外方传教会等天主教中文档案为中心,通过分析天主教会组织称谓的概念和释义,探讨清中前期禁教时期天主教会的组织结构。并以此为起点,以制度史和观念史交错的视角,透视信众对天主教和天主教会所抱持宗教观与社会观的关联性,从而展现天主教中国化和地方化的历史图景,显示出百年禁教禁而不止的基本面貌。

Through a variety of flexibility and adaptability strategies,Catholic church and the local societies in Ming and Qing dynasties achieved the combination,for which the appellation of Catholic organization was an excellent example.Focusing onthe Chinese archives of Les Missionsétrangères de Paris(MEP)and other Catholic churches,this paper analyzes the concept and definition of the Catholic Church’s appellation,and explores the organizational structure of the Catholic Church in theearlyandmiddle period ofQing dynasty.And as a starting point,through the entangled perspective of the historiesof institutions and ideas,we would find the correlation between the Chinese Catholics’views of religion and society.Then the paper displays historicalprospect of Sinicization and localization ofCatholicism,to show that despite'one hundred years prohibition against theCatholicism',it appeared to have taken on a life of its own.