大屠杀之后现代犹太思想中的上帝观

The Concept of God in Modern Jewish Thought after the Holocaust

历史上,犹太民族是一个多灾多难的民族,同时也是一个拥有虔敬宗教信仰的民族。从古代异族的统治和奴役,到之后数千年的大流散,犹太人遭受了数不尽的苦难,尽管如此,虔诚的犹太人并没有放弃信仰,而是在苦难中继续坚守对上帝的信仰。

In traditional Jewish faith,God was the Master of history and human destiny,and had a close relationship with people.However,during the Holocaust God did not come to his people’s aid and save them in their suffering but chose silence.The Holocaust has exerted a great impact upon the concept of God of traditional Jewish faith,overturning the former relationship between God and humanity and causing an unprecedented crisis in faith.This essay studies three modern Jewish thinkers and their reflection upon the concept of God as a response to the tragedy of the Holocaust,namely the'hidden God'of Buber;the'non-omnipotent God'of Jonas,the'trace of God'of Levinas.These new ideas have to some extent reversed and challenged the concept of God in traditional Jewish faith.Since then,God in modern Jewish thought has withdrawn from a direct influence and intervention in history and human destiny,and no longer acts as the Master of history and human destiny.