基本神学的实践转向——论默茨作为基本神学的政治神学

The Practical Turn in Fundamental Theology: On Metz’s Political Theology as Fundamental Theology

基本神学(fundamentaltheology)是研究神学之基本问题的学科,在天主教神学中占有重要地位。启蒙运动时期,天主教神学家反对理性主义和自然神论,为超自然启示和基督教的正当性辩护,形成了作为护教学的基本神学。新经院主义继承这一思路,试图以理性和历史证明的方式来肯定超自然启示和教会训导的权威。同时,19世纪以来,大学成为神学的重要研究场所,神学有必要说明其作为一门学科的知识性。

This article discusses the methodological significance and limitations of Metz’s political theology as a practical fundamental theology.The mission of fundamental theology is to offer a foundation for Christian theology and defense of the Christian faith.The historical methods of traditional fundamental theology cannot withstand the critique of reason,while the a priori methods of fundamental theology neglect the historical and societal dimensions of human experience.Neither of them can achieve the basic goal of offering a foundation for Christian theology and defending Christian faith in our contemporary situation.Metz’s political theology,a practical fundamental theology,is critical of idealistic fundamental theology,incorporates contextualization into its theology,and describes the hermeneutical structures of the narrative of Christian faith.It affirms the primacy of praxis in Christian truth,and that the church should pursue solidarity with the suffering in history to respond to the historical crisis of Christian identity,which makes for a practical turn in fundamental theology.However,Metz’s political theology focuses on critical practice and lacks a positive theoretical construct,which means that it cannot maintain an adequate balance between theory and praxis.