重庆地区栗瘿蜂生物生态学习性的研究

STUDY ON BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHESTNUT GALL WASP (DRYOCOSMUS KURIPHILUS YASUMATSU) IN CHONGQING REGION

在2001年至2002年,对栗瘿蜂在重庆地区的生物学、生态学习性进行了研究。结果表明栗瘿蜂1年发生1代,在芽组织内形成的小室中以初龄幼虫越冬,次年2月中旬幼虫开始活动取食,并于2月下旬开始形成虫瘿。3月下旬开始化蛹,4月下旬进入化蛹盛期,5月上旬开始羽化,6月上旬进入羽化盛期。羽化后出瘿营孤雌生殖,产卵于寄主芽内,幼虫孵化后在芽内越冬。栗瘿蜂的发生期与板栗物候期之间关系密切:越冬幼虫随栗树萌芽开始活动取食,随着栗叶的展开瘿瘤逐渐形成,板栗雄花初花期是栗瘿蜂化蛹盛期,末花期达到羽化盛期。

Field investigation and moisture chamber culture were made in combination with bud and gall dissection to study the biology and ecology of Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasunatsu, a pest attacking chestnut shoot,in Chongqing in 2001～2002. The wasp was found to produce one generation a year in Chongqing region and overwinter as young larvae in small capsules inside the host bud tissue. The larvae resumed feeding from mid-February the next year, and the tissue responded soon and a gall-like swelling formed in late February, which enclosed the larva. Pupation and adult emergence started in late March and early May, respectively, and their peaks occurred in late April and early June. Parthenogenetic females deposited eggs in the host buds and the hatched larvae overwintered in the buds, thus completing a cycle of one generation. The outbreak of the pest seemed closely related to the phenological periods of the chestnut tree. 