不同有机肥料对基质培叶菜的营养效应研究

EFFECTS OF ORGANIC MANURES ON NUTRIENT QUALITY OF FOLIAGE VEGETABLES GROWN IN SOILLESS CULTURE

采用基质栽培试验研究了不同有机肥种类对叶类蔬菜(芹菜和生菜)硝酸盐和营养品质的效应。结果表明,在基质栽培施用无机肥的基础上,6种有机肥料降低芹菜根重和株高,除施用猪粪(PM)使芹菜显著增产(21.1%)、泥炭(PP)极显著减产(32.4%)外,其余有机肥处理的产量差异不显著;施用有机肥使生菜增产55.5%～132.7%(达极显著),其增产序列依次为稻草(RS)>鸡粪(CM)>泥炭(PP)>玉米秆(MS)>菜籽饼(RM)>猪粪(PM)。2种叶菜的硝酸盐以芹菜成倍高于生菜,在无机肥基础上施用有机肥料对芹菜硝酸盐的影响不明显,但却大幅度(39.6%～70.8%)提高生菜硝酸盐含量,降低其卫生品质。有机肥各处理对两种叶菜Vc、可溶性糖、氨基酸等营养品质的效应差异大,对芹菜以提高作用为主,而对生菜则主要表现为降低。6种有机肥中,以猪粪和菜籽饼对芹菜,猪粪和鸡粪对生菜的产量和品质效应良好。

Six organic manures were used to apply to celery and romaine lettuce in soilless culture. All the organic manures decreased the root weight and plant height of celery. Pig manure (PM) increased celery yield by 21.1% (p<0.05) while peat decreased it by 32.4% (p<0.01), and yield in the other treatment did not differ significantly. Organic manures increased the yield of romaine lettuce by 55.5%～132.7% (p<0.01), rice straw giving the greatest effect, followed in sequence by chicken manure, peat, maize straw, rape meal and pig manure. Nitrate content of celery was much higher than that of romaine lettuce. Addition of organic manures on the basis of inorganic fertilizer application markedly (by 39.6%～70.8%) increased nitrate content of romaine lettuce, thus reducing its hygiene value, but had no substantial effect on celery. The effects of organic manures on Vc , soluble sugars and amino acids varied with manure. Generally speaking, organic manures improved such nutritional indicators in celery and decreased them in romaine lettuce. Of the 6 manures, PM and rape meal had good effect on the yield and quality of celery and PM and chicken manure had favorable effect on the yield and quality of romaine lettuce.