前列腺癌病因及肿瘤标志物的研究

The Survey of Etiology and Tumor Marker for Prostate Cancer

目的 :欧美等国家前列腺癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤及第二位肿瘤直接导致死亡的原因 ,几年前只有年龄、种族、家庭遗传史被认为前列腺癌的危险因素 ,现在了解到还有营养、激素方面的原因。运用灵敏的诊断方法和特异的肿瘤标志物 ,对于临床早期发现前列腺癌至关重要。临床也急需对于选择最佳治疗方式有益的预后指标。方法 :回顾总结近几年关于前列腺癌病因和肿瘤标志物研究的文献。结果 :近几年发现了一些引起前列腺癌发生的高危因素和新的肿瘤标志物 ,本文不仅讨论了一些常规使用的瘤标 ,而且重点叙述了有研究价值和预后作用的标志物。结论 :前列腺癌的发生原因很复杂 ,不仅有年龄、种族、家庭遗传的影响 ,还包括激素水平的失衡、膳食结构 ,尤其是肉类、脂肪、维生素D的摄入量 ,都与前列腺癌发生有关。目前PSA是早期诊断和监测前列腺癌有价值的瘤标 。

Objective:Prostate cancer is one of the most common diseases and the second cause of tumor-related death among older men,particularly in Western society.Several years ago,only age,race,and family history were known risk factors for this disease.However,today,much progress has been made towards discovering nutritional and hormonal risk factors for prostate cancer.Early detection of prostate cancer,using clinically sensitive diagnostic methods and/or tumor-specific markers is of prime importance.Clinically applicable prognostic markers are urgently needed to assist in the selection of optimal therapy.Methods:Literatures were reviewed under the headings of the etiology and potential biomarkers for human prostate cancer.Results:Recently,a number of risk factors involved in prostate carcinogenesis have been identified.In this review,a number of well-established as well as investigational diagnostic markers were discussed and,then,those markers having research prospect and prognostic value were emphatically related.Conclusions:The etiology of prostate cancer is very complicated. Not only the age,race and family history,but also including imbalance of hormone level and nutritional factors,especially meat,fat,and vitamin D intake have been linked to greater risk of this disease.Currently,only PSA is utilized for early diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer.A number of potential prognostic markers warrant further investigation.