关节镜下一期修复重建膝关节多发韧带损伤的疗效观察

Clinical efficacy of one-stage repair and reconstruction of multiple ligament injury of the knee joint under an arthroscope

目的探讨膝关节多发韧带损伤的临床特点,并评估关节镜下一期修复重建的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2015年3月-2017年6月河南省骨科医院收治且获随访的22例(22膝)膝关节多发韧带损伤患者的临床资料,其中男13例,女9例,年龄24～64岁;左膝12例,右膝10例;均为闭合性损伤,伴有膝关节一过性半脱位或脱位,影像学、临床及关节镜检查证实均为前后交叉韧带断裂。22例患者受伤至手术时间为4～16d,均采用关节镜下前后交叉韧带单隧道单束重建、有限切开修复重建后内侧复合体(PMC)、后外侧复合体(PLC),同时处理并发伤。术后采用X线片、MRI检查明确骨隧道愈合、内固定物位置、重建肌腱重塑及腱骨愈合情况,根据膝关节主动活动度、IKDC评分和Lysholm膝关节功能评分对患膝功能进行评估。结果所有患者均获随访,随访时间6～14(11.0±1.5)个月,撕裂的内外侧半月板、骨折均愈合,深静脉血栓均溶解。末次随访时患膝内外翻应力试验正常或接近正常,Lachman试验、前后抽屉试验均为阴性,胫骨前后移位距离均<5mm,患者无自觉症状;X线片、MRI示胫骨股骨隧道已愈合,腱骨已愈合,内固定物位置无改变,重建韧带重塑及走行好;2例合并腓总神经损伤者术后1年感觉、运动基本恢复;膝关节主动活动度、Lysholm评分、IKDC评分均明显优于术前(P<0.01);IKDC综合评定正常(A级)2例,接近正常(B级)8例,异常(C级)2例,而入院时均为显著异常(D级)。结论关节镜下一期修复重建膝关节多发韧带损伤,可明显稳定膝关节,早期改善膝关节功能,减少术后并发症,并能缩短住院时间,降低医疗费用,提高患者生活质量,具有安全可靠、手术创伤小的优点,临床疗效满意。

Objective To investigate the clinical features of multiple ligament injuries of the knee joint, and evaluate the clinical efficacy of one-stage repair and reconstruction under an arthroscope of multiple ligament injured knee joint. Methods The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively of 22 patients receiving treatment and follow-up for multiple ligament injuries of the knee joint from March 2015 to June 2017 in the Henan Orthopedic Hospital. 13 males and 9 females aged from 24 to 64 years;and left knee injury occurred in 7 cases, right knee in 5 cases, all injuries were close with knee subluxation or dislocation. Imaging,clinical and arthroscopical examination showed anterior and posterior cruciate ligament ruptures in all the patients. The time from injury to operation was from 4 to 16 days, all the patients were treated by single tunnel and single beam reconstruction of anterior and posterior cruciate ligament under an arthroscope, limited incision and reconstruction of PMC(posterior medial complex) and PLC(posterior lateral complex);and the concurrent injuries were treated at that same time. Postoperative X-Ray and MRI were performed to determine the healing of bone tunnel, internal fixation, remodeling of reconstructed tendon and tendon healing.The knee function was assessed on the basis of the range-of-motion of the knee, IKDC score and Lysholm Knee Function score.Results All the patients were followed up from 6 to 14 months with an average of(11.0±1.5) months. The torn inner and outer meniscus and fracture were all healed and the deep venous thrombus was dissolved. Last follow up found varus and valgus stress test was normal or close to normal in 22 patients by Lachman test, anterior and posterior drawer tests were negative, and the tibial shift distance forward or backward was smaller than 5 mm. The patients had no subjective symptoms. X-Ray and MRI showed that the tibial femoral tunnel had healed, and the position of internal fixation had no change, and the ligament had been reconstructed and the tendon had healed. In 2 cases, one year later, sensory and motor recovery was observed after common peroneal nerve injury. Range of motion of the knee joint, and Lysholm and IKDC scores were significantly superior at the last following up to at the preoperation(P<0.01);and IKDC comprehensive assessment revealed a normal result(A) in 4 cases, close to normal(B) in16, abnormal(C) in 2, whereas they are significantly abnormal(D) at admission. Conclusion One-stage arthroscopical repair and reconstruction for multiple ligament injuries of the knee can obviously stabilize the knee joint, improve the knee joint function early, prevent postoperative complications, shorten the hospitalization time, reduce the cost, improve the quality of life, and have the advantages of safety, reliability and less trauma, and the clinical efficacy is satisfactory.