日本中小学课外活动伤害事故赔偿责任的判例分析

A Legal Case Study of School Accidents Liability of After-school Activities in Japan

本文通过对日本中小学课外活动伤害事故赔偿案例的分析发现,判例肯定了课外活动是学校教育的一个环节,认为课外活动伤害事故和正常上课期间伤害事故的责任没有本质区别。如果教师在履行安全注意义务过程中存在过失,且其过失与损害之间存在因果关系,应根据日本《国家赔偿法》和《民法》履行赔偿责任。受害人自身有过失的,根据其过失的轻重程度,减少其应该得到的赔偿数额。判例还确定了学校安全注意义务的具体内容和判定原则。对我国比较有借鉴意义的是日本《国家赔偿法》提供的学校事故赔偿的公共财源保障,以及根据日本《体育振兴法》设立的具有公益性质的伤害保险和各种商业保险所构成的救济制度,这些制度减轻了学校和学生家长双方的经济和精神负担,也缓和了双方的矛盾,为日本中小学课外活动的健康发展提供了必要的客观条件。

From the study of legal cases of school accidents happened during after-school activities(or extracurricular activities),it can be known that the court confirms after-school activity being one of the important parts of school education,and the school has the same Duty of Care as during the formal class time.School has the liability for compensation to student’s injury if school has negligence on fulfilling Duty of Care,and also there is the casual relationship(Causation) between the negligence conduct and the injury result.Victims of school accidents can be compensated by Japan School Insurance(Saigai Kyousai Koufu Seito) or bring a lawsuit against school according to Japan Compensation Law and the Civil Law,but their compensation will be reduced if they have negligence.The court also set the principles of Duty of Care of school.Both the quarsi-public and the commercial insurance take great roles for the healthy development of after-school activities in Japan.