论学术自由的立法保障

Discussion on the Legislative Guarantee of Academic Freedom

立法是学术自由权利保障的核心环节,是学术自由从宪法权利成为法律权利的关键。学术自由权利的法律化是由宪法自身的特点以及立法机关的权能所决定的,学术自由的相关立法将为学术自由编织一道更加细密、有效的权利保护网。西方发达国家不仅制定了与学术自由权利保障相关的宪法性法律,而且在科技法、教育法等部门法中体现了学术自由权利保障的精神。我国在学术自由的立法上取得了积极进展,现行宪法对学术自由权利的确认在有关宪法性法律中得到了体现和放大,并在教育法和科技法中予以更加明确的规定。为了加强对学术自由权利的保护,我国还应加快立法进程,完善学术自由权利保障的法律体系。

Legislation is the core of the guarantee of academic freedom,and also the key factor for academic freedom to become legal right from constitutional right.The legalization of academic freedom is due to the character of constitution and the power of legislature.The legislation of academic freedom forms a more effective protecting net for academic freedom.The developed countries has not only drawn up constitutional laws related to academic freedom,but also embodied the spirit of academic freedom in the department laws,such as science and technology law and education law.Positive progress has been made on the legislation of academic freedom in China.The current constitution’s recognition of academic freedom is reflected and enlarged in the relevant constitutional law.And this kind of right is explicitly stipulated in education law and science and technology law.In order to strengthen the protection of academic freedom,our country should accelerate the process of legislation and improve the legal system related to academic freedom.