教育法“软化”:制度成因与逻辑重构

Softening of Education Law:Institutional Causes and Logical Reconstruction

教育法'软化'是中国教育法治的一个不争事实,也是教育法治发展的一个实然悖论。教育法由应然硬法走向实然软法,实质上是教育法由应然保护各项教育权利的'国法'蜕变成教育权力实然扩张的'教育部门法'的过程。教育法'软化'表现为不能依法保护法定教育权益和有效约束公权违法行为,最终显现为国法权威的弱化。教育法'软化'是多重制度逻辑的现实产物:立法技术不高是教育法'软化'的必然'基因','违法难究'造成教育法事实上的'疲软','违法难诉'最终导致教育法'软化'。教育法欲实现由'软'向'硬'的制度逻辑重构,可改变部门主导的教育法生成模式,增强法之可诉性,强化公权违法责任,以化解'有法难依''违法难诉''违法难究'的教育法治窘境。

The softening of education law is not only an indisputable fact in China,but also a practical paradox of the development of education law.The softening of education law is actually a process that education law turned to " education sector law" from "national law".The soft education law can’t protect the legal rights and constrain administrative power.The softening of education law is caused by several institutional logics such as poor legislative technology,lack of procedural approach.In order to solve this problem,we should change the legislation model,make education law more appealable,strengthen the illegal responsibility of administrative power.