简政放权改革与教育权的再分配

Decentralization Reform and Redistribution of Education Rights

教育领域简政放权的一个重要动力是发生于20世纪90年代的社会转型进程,国家与教育关系由此发生根本性改变,社会的积极参与成为新体制下教育的极具主动性的改革特征。公办学校改制是这一时期出现的重要事件,市场化的改革思路逐步释放的负面影响使教育成了一个敏感的社会领域,教育不公问题逐渐蔓延,引起了社会各界的普遍不满。教育行政化是对公办学校改制的'拨乱反正',但其破坏了多年来简政放权的成果,给教育带来的更多是弊而不是利,如何坚持简政放权的改革目标已经成为一个尖锐的问题。国家与社会的分化以及由此形成的改革推力、公办学校已经具备的教育管理能力为教育治理创造了必要的社会条件。相对于高度行政化的教育管理模式,推进教育治理绝不能回避简政放权,相反,简政放权是社会治理创新的必由之路。

An important power to promote decentralization in education is the process of social transformation occurred in 1990s, the relationship between the state and education thus changed.The society's active participation in the reform of education become the characteristics of the new system. Public school reform is an important event of this period, the negative impact of market-oriented reform ideas that gradually released make education a sensitive social field.The problem of unfair education gradually spread, caused widespread concern in the community. Administration of education is a direct solution to the reform of public schools, but it undermined the outcome of the decentralization reform and brought more hann than good to education. How to adhere to the the goal of decentralization reform has become an acute problem. The differentiation of state and society and the resulting reform thrust, public schools5 education management ability have created the neces? sary social conditions for education governance. Compared to the administration mode of education management, promoting the education governance can never avoid decentralization, on the contrary, decentralization is the only way of social governance innovation.