优秀皮划艇运动员竞技状态特征模型的研究

Research on the Model of Competitive State Characteristics of Elite Athletes

针对如何把握运动员竞技状态这一经典训练学问题,尝试以定性分析与定量分析相结合的研究模式,首先以层次分析法对国内从事训练实践工作的皮划艇专项教练的主观经验进行分析并建立模型Ⅰ,再以因子分析法对广东皮划艇队德籍外教所制订的实际测试指标数据进行分析建立模型Ⅱ,再对建立的模型Ⅰ与模型Ⅱ进行综合对比分析,得到影响皮划艇运动员竞技状态的关键指标并对其表现规律进行总结。最后结论是发现国内教练与德国教练均较为看重皮划艇运动员的相对力量素质,但国内教练员更重视运动员的速度素质,而德国教练员强更强调运动员的耐力训练指标。不仅可为国内皮划艇专项教练员在实际训练过程中对运动员竞技状态的把握提供依据,而且采用的研究思路,即定性分析与定量分析相结合的研究方式也可以为其它项目竞技状态的研究提供借鉴。

This article is aimed at a classical sports training problem-how to control the athletes’competitive state.From the viewpoint of analyzing special coach’s subjective experience and actual characteristics from athletes’test data,through comparative analysis of the similarities and differences between the two kinds of model research result,the author combined qualitative analysis with the quantitative model to study the influencing factors of athletes’competitive state characteristics.Taking about canoe sprint as the research event,the result showed that both domestic coach and Germany coach valued athletes’relative strength index,but domestic coaches pay more attention to the speed index,and Germany coach has more attention on athlete’s endurance index.The conclusion of this paper can provide basis for domestic canoe sprint coaches special training,the methodology of the research can also be used in the research of athletes’competitive state for other sports events.