铜铁矿金属矿尘和癌症的探讨

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METAL ORE DUST AND CANCER IN COPPER/IRON MINES

本文对湖北黄石地区六个铜铁矿1972～1974年的在册职工18242人进行了历史前瞻性队列调查,并对六个矿生产环境中粉尘、氡子体、多环芳烃及积尘中30种化学元素进行了监测。结果表明,六个矿共死亡1108人,全癌居全死因首位(33.4％),肝癌、肺癌和消化道癌为前三位。肝癌以选矿工多发,肺癌以井下工和选矿工多发,消化道癌以露采工多发,且均逐年升高。按接尘水平,肺癌危险度以中、高接尘工人为高,表明其发病可能与矿尘有关。而其它有害因素的致癌作用,目前还不足以肯定。

A retrospective study with a cohort of 18242 subjects who had been employed at least one year during the period of 1972 to 1974 in six copper/iron mines has been conducted.Dust, radon, PAHs and 30 elements of bulk samples in work environments of six mines were analysed.The results indicated that the number of death was 1107 and the first cause (33.4%) of all death was cancer. The first three kinds of cancer were liver cancer, lung cancer and cancer of digestive tract.The mortality of liver cancer elevated in ore dressing workers.Lung cancer elevated in underground mining workers and ore dressing workers.The cancer of digestive tract in workers of open-pit mining elevated year by year.Workers with middle or high level dust exposure were at greater rick of lung cancer.It showed that elevated miners' lung cancer might relate to dust level exposed and was unlikely to be related to other known carcinogenic factors.