景观绩效研究:社会、经济和环境效益是否总是相得益彰?

A Study of Landscape Performance:Do Social,Economic and Environmental Benefits Always Complement Each Other?

本研究的目的包括两个部分:1)介绍景观绩效的背景和景观设计学基金会的案例研究调查计划:2)探讨景观环境、经济和社会效益在可持续性方面是相互冲突还是相互触合。根据景观设计学基金会的定义,景观绩效是用来"衡量景观设计措施在多大程度上实现既定目标,并且是否有助于实现可持续发展"。景观设计学基金会根据可持续性概念,通过景化环境,经济和社会效益建立了调查景观绩效的研究框架。目前常见的可持续发展观念通常围绕着探讨环境、经济和社会这三方面的效益展开,但是尚难以了解这三者的相互关系。大量文献证实了人类活动已对自然环境造成了严重影响,这意味着,在获得某些效益的同时,其他一些效益将受到阻碍,因而有必要在景观绩效中权衡各个方面。了解环境、经济和社会效益间的相互关系能够使设计师提升这三者的共容关系,缓和冲突关系,并在未来创造出高绩效景观。本研究中,我们运用景观设计学基金会在2011年案例研究调查计划中发表的39个景观绩效案例研究对4种假设进行了检验。

The purpose of this study is two-fold:1) to introduce background of landscape performance and the Cast Study investigation program of Landscape Architecture Foundation:and 2) to exptore whether landscape's environmental,economic and social benefits are conflicting or converging tor sustainability.Landscape performance,as defined by the Landscape Architecture Foundation,is 'the measure of efficiency with which landscape solutions fulfill their intended purpose and contribute toward sustainability.' Landscape Architecture Foundation based on the concept of sustainability to establish the research Iramework for investigating landscape performance by quantifying environmental,economic and social benefits.The current common sustainable development concept often discusses the benefits In the three environmental,economic and social aspects whereas their interrelationship is hardly addressed.Considering the large body of literature supporting the fact that human activities have significant influences on the natural environment,it seems that certain benefits would impede other benefits,and therefore result in tradeoffs in landscape performance.Understanding the interrelationship between the environmental,economic and social benefits,allows designers to enhance the compatible relationships,mitigate the conflicting relationships and create high-performing landscapes in the future.In this study,we used the 39 landscape performance case studies published by the Landscape Architecture Foundation in its 2011 Case Study Investigation(CSI) program to test four hypotheses.