以国际视角审视中国乡村景观与可持续城镇化

Rural China's Landscape and Sustainable Urbanization:An International Perspective

中国的领导者于近期宣布,要实现在2025年城市化水平达到70%(城镇人口达到约9亿人)的目标,同时强调未来城市化将不再以特大城市的扩张(都市化)为特点,而是主要集中在村镇与小城市的发展(城镇化)。农业的地位随着中国的城市经济发展而逐渐衰退,而中国农业中心区域几千年的农耕文明也随着大量的乡村聚落一起被清除。这些急速的城镇化正在重新塑造中国的乡村,包括其景观、文化遗产以及社会结构。本文作者审视了这些多种多样的变化,并总结了在2014年华东师范大学设计学院组织的关于小城镇建设的设计课程上的成果。该设计课程在中国和欧洲分别展开,就主题为"新城镇建设过程中乡村自然与人文风貌的保护"的多种提案进行了讨论与评价。作者还陈述了景观设计——尤其是与绿色基础设施相关的设计与实施工作——如何在解决中国乡村的城镇化所面临的挑战过程中扮演起关键角色。

China's leaders have set an urbanization target of 70%(approximately 900 million people) by 2025 andhas emphasized that future urbanization will be characterized by growth in rural towns and small cities(Cheng Zhen Hua, 城镇化) not by expansion of megacities(Du Shi Hua, 都市化). As a consequence of China's urban-focused economy, the role of agriculture has declined. Rural villages have been wiped out, and with them, thousands of years land cultivation and stewardship. Onrushing urbanization is reshaping rural China – its landscape, cultural heritage, and social structures. This paper examines these changes through the outcomes of a workshop about 'Construction of Small Towns and Villages' organized by the ECNU School of Design in 2014 in China and Europe. At the workshop, proposals for 'Preserving Rural Nature and Humanity Features during Urbanization' were discussed and critiqued. The paper concludes by describing how landscape architecture, and in particular Green Infrastructure, can play a key role in addressing the major challenges of Rural Chininse Urbanization.