森林都市主义:比利时索尼安森林的城市-生态策略及实施途径

FOREST URBANISMS:URBAN AND ECOLOGICAL STRATEGIES AND TOOLS FOR THE SONIAN FOREST IN BELGIUM

本文通过回顾大布鲁塞尔及周边地区的索尼安森林与人居环境交融演变的发展历程,阐释了"森林都市主义"这一概念。森林景观被认为是生态(提供大量生态系统服务)和城市环境的基本结构。森林都市主义是城市建设的一种形式,其依靠森林作为跨越(与交通、人居环境和生态相关的)尺度和维度的结构性要素。城市建设与大面积森林的相互作用体现为地域尺度上具有不同性质的各式森林形态。本文揭示了布鲁塞尔地区的森林和城市建设之间的相互影响,其中,城市环境的尺度、密度、品质和发展压力不尽相同,从坐落于森林中的人类定居点到拥有鲜明肌理的森林-城市的形式和方式也有所差异。索尼安森林及其周围环境随着时间发生的持续变化、所面临的当代挑战,以及未来可能的发展方向都非常引人瞩目。本文探究了森林砍伐与造林、人居环境与城市环境重建之间平行却又相互交织的过程和复杂关系。最后,作者认为,当下迫切需要通过重新梳理开发与保护的关系,来重建城市与森林之间生产与消耗的平衡。

This article unfolds the notion of'forest urbanism'through a discussion on the intertwined evolution of the Sonian Forest and settlement development in the greater Brussels environs through history.The forest landscape is considered a fundamental structure,both for ecology(delivering numerous ecosystem services)and the urban environment.Forest urbanism is an urbanism that relies on the forest as a structuring device across scales and dimensions(in relation to mobility,settlement,and ecology).The interplay of urbanism with the large forest domain operates at the territorial scale and various forest domains of very different natures.It unravels forest and urbanism interplays within the Brussels region with quite different urban contexts(scale,density,quality,development pressure,etc.)and with quite different forms and modalities(from settlements embedded within the forest to the forest-city as adjacent domains).The Sonian Forest and its surroundings are exceptionally compelling with regards to both their continuous transformation over time,contemporary challenges,and possible future trajectories.The article traces the parallel,intertwined processes and complex relations of deforestation/afforestation and settlement/restructuring of urban environments.As will become evident,the relationship that always iterated between a productive and consumptive one,urgently requires a recalibration where exploitation/consumption is balanced by protection/production.