基于夜间灯光数据的郑州市大气污染暴露强度研究

Study on the exposure intensity of air pollution in Zhengzhou city based on nighttime lighting

近年来随着城市化进程加快,大气污染问题日益严重。在人口聚集地,居民受大气污染影响较大,探究城市人口大气污染暴露强度的空间分布特征已成为研究热点。由于城市内部自然和社会要素空间分布极为不均,仅从污染物数值角度难以准确揭示城市人口大气污染暴露强度的分布特征。本文基于2015年郑州市空气质量检测站的小时数据,分别利用人口年鉴数据和2015年年均夜间灯光数据,反演出郑州市人口空间分布数据,作为人口数据输入参数,采用人口污染大气暴露强度指标法研究2015年冬半年郑州市人口空气污染暴露强度及空间分布特征。结果表明,利用夜间灯光反演人口数据得出的污染大气暴露强度表现优于年鉴人口数据得出的结果,前者能够揭示出相邻栅格单元之间暴露强度的微观差异,在城市大气污染暴露强度空间分布上更加细化、更加准确科学。从暴露强度空间分布规律看,高暴露强度区主要集中于郑州市区和所辖各县城镇人口高密度区,且"市—郊"两级分化明显;从季节上看,冬季暴露强度水平高于春季暴露强度水平。开展城市空气污染人口暴露强度的污染分布特征研究,能够更精准地揭示郑州市人口污染空气暴露风险空间分布特征,发现高暴露强度区域,从而更有针对性的开展城市大气污染防治。

In recent years,the problem of urban air pollution is becoming more and more serious with the acceleration of urbanization. Residents in the urban city,a gathering place of population,are greatly affected by air pollution. It has become a hot research topic to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of exposure intensity of air pollution in urban population. The spatial distribution of natural and social elements in cities is extremely uneven,so it is difficult to accurately reveal distribution characteristics of exposure intensity of air pollution in urban population from the perspective of pollutant value alone. Based on the hourly data of air quality monitoring stations in Zhengzhou city in 2015,the index method for of exposure intensity of air pollution in porulation was adopted to study exposure intensity of air pollution and the spatial distribution characteristics of urban population in Zhengzhou city in second half of 2015,by taking population spatial distribution data as input parameters for population data by the inversion of the demographic yearbook data and the annual average night light data in 2015 respectively. The results showed that the intensity of atmospheric exposure of polluted air obtained by inversion of population data by night light was better than that obtained by the demographic data of the yearbook. The former could reveal the microcosmic differences in the intensity of exposure between adjacent grid units and was more detailed and accurate in the spatial distribution of urban air pollution. According to the spatial distribution law of exposure intensity,the high exposure intensity areas were mainly concentrated in the urban areas of Zhengzhou and the town population high density areas of the counties under its jurisdiction,and the 'city-suburb'division was obvious. In terms of season,the exposure intensity level in winter was higher than that in spring. The study above could reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of population exposure risk to pollured air in Zhengzhou City more precisely,and could find areas with high exposure intensity,so as to better target the prevention and control of urban air pollution.