技术性贸易壁垒与全球价值链——来自中国制造业微观数据的证据

Technical Trade Barriers and Global Value Chain——Evidence from Micro-data of Chinese Manufacturing Industry

作为出口贸易大国,我国在融入全球价值链分工的进程中,面临着较大的技术性贸易壁垒压力。利用中国工业企业数据库和海关数据库,构建了一个衡量中国各行业全球价值链位置的指标——出口上游度,并收集了2000年~2009年我国各行业的技术性贸易壁垒数据,研究了其与各行业全球价值链位置的关系。研究发现:实施技术性贸易壁垒将会导致贸易伙伴国的反制,最终陷入“技术性贸易壁垒-贸易保护”的循环怪圈,对贸易双方造成损失;技术性贸易壁垒主要集中在不具有全球价值链位置优势的行业,上游行业遭遇技术性贸易壁垒的风险更大;出口总量的增加会导致技术性贸易壁垒递增,但技术密集度的提升,会降低技术性贸易壁垒的风险。

As a big power of export trade, China was facing larger technical trade barriers during the integrating into the global value chain distribution. This paper uses industrial enterprises database of China and customs database to build an index for evaluating the position of each industry of China in the global value chain-export upstream degree, collects the technical trade barrier data in each industry of China from 2000 to 2009, studies the correlation between the technical trade barrier and industrial position in global value chain. The results reveal that: implementing technical trade barriers will lead to the countering of trade partners, and finally is caught in the cycle loop of "technical trade barriers-trade protection", which resulted in loss of the two trade parties; technical trade barriers mainly concentrate in the industries without position advantage of global value chain, the upstream industry has a higher risk to encounter technical trade barriers; the increment in the gross export will result in the progressive increase in technical trade barriers, but the increase in the technical intensity will reduce the risk of technical trade barriers.