城市供水定价理论及我国城市供水价格改革实例研究

Urban Water Supply Pricing Theory and the Case Study on the Urban Water Supply Price Reform of China

城市供水定价方法包括影子价格定价法、平均成本定价法、边际成本定价法和完全成本定价法等。城市水价构成应该包括水资源费、城市供水价格、水利工程供水价格以及污水处理费等几部分,制定城市水价应遵循公平原则、效益原则、可持续发展原则和区域定价原则。从我国城市供水定价实践来看,由基本水价与计量水价组成的两部制水价以及阶梯式计量水价是比较常见的水价形成。从深圳、长沙、邯郸等城市供水的实践来看,阶梯式计量水价已成为近些年来我国城市供水价格改革中应用最广泛的水价形成。

The pricing methods for urban water supply include shadow price theory,average cost pricing method,marginal cost pricing and full cost pricing,etc.The constitution of urban water price should involve water resource charge,urban water supply price,water conservancy project supply price and sewage treatment charge,etc.,and the pricing should comply with the equity principle,utility principle,principle of sustainable development and regional pricing.From the pricing practice of domestic urban water supply,the two-part water price composed of fundamental water price and metering water price and the laddering metering water price are general pricing methods.From the urban water supply practice of Shenzhen,Changsha and Handan,the laddering metering water price has become the most extensive pricing method in the urban water supply price reform in recent years,and it should be further improved during the practice to play a better advantage and promote the urban water saving.