能源气候外部性内部化的价格机制与实现路径

Price mechanism and implementation path of internalization of energy climate externality

能源消费是温室气体排放的主要原因,消除能源气候外部性逐渐成为理论和政策研究者关注的问题。通过运用能源气候外部性内部化的市场机制,将能源消费所带来的温室效应反映到能源价格中,使其能够反映气候变化的不利影响,是应对气候变化的重要路径。以2030年前我国碳排放达峰为例,需要把能源气候外部性价格提高到总体能源价格水平的20%~29%,相当于每吨二氧化碳38.86元。据此提出了完善能源税制、改善能源补贴机制、推进用能权交易、试点可再生能源配额交易等能源气候外部性价格的实现路径。

Energy consumption is the main cause of greenhouse gas emissions,and eliminating energy climate externality has drawn more and more attention from theoretical and policy researchers.Through the market mechanism of internalization of energy climate externality,the greenhouse effect brought by energy consumption can be reflected by energy prices,which can reflect the adverse effects of climate change.That is an important path to address climate change.Taking China’s peak carbon emissions before 2030 as an example,it is necessary to increase the prices of energy climate externality to 20%to 29%of the total energy price level,which is equivalent to 38.86 yuan per ton of carbon dioxide.On its basis,the implementation paths of the prices of energy climate externality such as improving the energy tax system,advancing the energy subsidy mechanism,promoting the energy right transactions,and piloting renewable energy quota trading are proposed.