如何履行WTO的不利裁决:美国案例的分析与启示

How to fulfill the unfavorable rulings of WTO :analysis and enlightenment of American cases

履行WTO裁决是成员国的法定义务,也是结束贸易争端的最终方式。纵观美国在巴西诉美国棉花案中履行不利裁决的做法,不难发现:美国以法律机制为保障,强化了国家利益至上原则;建立了专门化履行机构,提升了履行的专业性;通过司法实践,排除了司法审查权干预。中国应学习借鉴美国经验,充分合理利用WTO履行规则的法律漏洞,构建履行综合评估体系以及完善履行WTO裁决国内机制,不断提升履行不利裁决的灵活性、机动性和专业性,以实现国家利益最大化。

The fulfillment of the WTO rulings is a statutory obligation of member states and the ultimate way to end trade disputes.Throughout the United States’implementation of unfavorable rulings,it is not difficult to find that the United States has strengthened the principle of supremacy of national interests by safeguarding its legal mechanism,established a specialized agency to enhance the professionalism of implementation and excluded the intervention of judicial review rights through judicial practice.China should learn from the experience of the United States,make full use of the legal loopholes in the WTO’s performance rules,construct a comprehensive evaluation system,build and improve the domestic mechanism for fulfilling WTO rulings,and continuously promote the flexibility,mobility and professionalism of unfavorable rulings,so as to maximize national interests.