山东午台遗址龙山文化聚落生计的植物大遗存证据

The Archeobotanical Record of Longshan Period Site at Wutai Site,Shandong Province

植物考古研究表明,午台遗址大汶口晚—龙山早(大约距今5000～4400年)阶段,居民植物利用方式包括农业生产和采集野生资源。豆科(大豆属)、藜科(藜属)、蓼科、大戟科、茄科、唇形科、十字花科、葫芦科、葡萄属等植物都可能是植物性食物资源的组成部分,以黍亚科为主的禾本科植物可能是食物资源或者是农田杂草。聚落农耕是以粟和黍为主的旱作农业,可能存在小规模的稻作农业;午台遗址出土的稻和小麦遗存,为认识海岱地区乃至东北亚地区农业传播提供了重要证据。

Results of archeobotanical study show that between late Dawenkou culture and early Longshan culture(c.5000-4000 BP),ancient people living in Wutai site exploited plant resources by practicing agriculture and gathering wild plants.For instance,Leguminosae(GlycineWilld.),Chenopodiaceae(Chenopodium L.),Polygonaceae,Euphorbiaceae,Solanaceae,Labiatae,Cruciferae,Cucurbitaceae and Vitis L.ect.were perhaps the components of plant food resources.Gramineae which is mainly composed of Panicoideae A.Br.could be either a food source or weed.Dry farming agriculture in the settlement was dominated by millet(Setariaitalica)and broomcorn(Panicummiliaceum)and possibly with small scale cultivation of rice.Rice and wheat remains recovered from Wutai site offer substantial proof for understanding the spread of agriculture in Haidai Region and further to Northeast Asia.