屈家岭遗址出土铜矿石标本初步研究

Preliminary Study on Copper Ore Samples Excavated from Qujialing Site

近年来屈家岭遗址的屈家岭文化晚期至石家河文化早期地层中出土了20余件铜矿石。本文采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜能谱仪(ESD)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和拉曼光谱仪(Raman)等科学分析仪器对部分铜矿石标本进行检测分析。结果表明这些矿石多为含磷的假孔雀石和磷铜矿伴生矿,少量为孔雀石。部分矿石表面覆盖一层黑色氧化铜,属矿石经焙烧后的产物。由于目前未发现其它冶炼遗迹,这些焙烧产物是否与冶炼活动直接相关还须进一步研究。

More than 20 copper ores from late Qujialing culture to early Shijiahe culture have been excavated from Qujialing site in recent years.In this paper,some samples of the copper ores were characterized by using instruments including optical microscope,scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy disperse spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Raman spectrometer(Raman).The results revealed that most of them are associated mineral with pseudomalachite and libethenite,while a little of them are malachite.Some ores are covered with a layer of black tenorite,which is supposed to be made by roasting.Since no other smelting relics have been found at present,whether these roasted products are directly related to smelting activities needs further research.