制度约束、农地调整和劳动力非农转移

Institution Constraint,Land Reallocation and Labor Migration

农地调整对劳动力非农转移的影响,目前学界形成了截然相反的两种论断,尚缺乏一致性的解释逻辑。在这个影响过程中,制度环境对农地产权的约束具有不可忽视的重要作用。以农业税为例的分析表明,作为制度约束的税负压力的存在,迫使村集体必须根据人地关系变化调整农户的承包地,以提高农地的劳动力配比来保证集体的农业产出,由此产生的失地风险将抑制劳动力的非农转移。实证研究结果显示:农地调整的发生率与税负压力的大小紧密关联;在税负压力较轻的情形下,农地调整会促进劳动力非农转移;随着农业税负压力的提高,劳动力迁移的制度成本逐渐增加,导致农地调整对劳动力非农转移的正向影响逐渐减弱甚至转变为抑制。因此,在顶层设计过程中应该预判不同政策之间的相互影响,从而保证各项政策安排的目标一致性与行为响应的激励相容性。

Existing studies have not reached a consistent conclusion of the impact of land reallocation on rural labor migration.Attention should be paid to the constraints of institutional environment on the land property rights.Taking agricultural tax as an example,the analysis shows that tax burden forces village collectives to reallocate contracted land according to changes in human-land relationship to improve the labor ratio of farmland to ensure collective agricultural output.The risk of land loss caused will inhibit rural labor migration.This study finds that:the incidence of land reallocation is closely related to tax burden.Therefore,in the top-level design process,the interaction between different policies should be predicted to ensure the goal consistency of each policy arrangement and the incentive compatibility of behavioral response.