砌体结构的现代主义形式美——向埃拉迪奥·迪埃斯特致敬

The modernist aesthetic of masonry structure-Salute as Eladio Dieste

现代主义建筑广泛运用钢筋混凝土,强调建筑形式要充分发挥材料性。乌拉圭建筑师埃拉迪奥·迪埃斯特在钢筋混凝土的时代尊重社会背景和自然环境,坚持选择用砖砌筑建筑。本文回顾了他的四个配筋砖结构创新:直纹曲面、高斯曲面、自承重筒壳和折板结构。浅析它们的受力原理以及发展渊源,说明了砌体结构也能像混凝土那样,塑造出富有现代主义形式美的建筑。大量关于砌体结构的研究结果表明,砌体结构在结构力学方面的性能得到优化提升,热工性能及节省耗材等方面都具有优势,在提倡可持续发展的时代有着巨大的竞争潜力。

Modern architecture emphasizes that material performance must be reflect on architectural form.Reinforced concrete widely used in building construction.Eladio Dieste was a Uruguay architect who didn't use concrete but chose the brick.Whit the respect of the social and natural,he created four kinds of reinforced brick structure.By analyzing their stress principle and development origin,the masonry structure shows the modernist aesthetic as the concrete structure did.Numbers of studies also find masonry structure has many advantages. When people are advocating the sustainable development,masonry structure has great potential and should be brought to the attention of the architecture.