试论不充当谓语的“被+V”结构

On“bei(被)+V”construction which not to act as predicate

本文讨论充当主语、宾语、定语而不充当谓语的“被 +V”(不讨论“被 +N +V”)。其中的“被”的词汇意义明显虚化 ,具有“类词缀”性质 ,附着在词根前 ,起构词作用 ,表示被动。这样的“被 +V”在一定条件下具有合成词的性质 ,除了已经形成的合成词如“被动、被迫、被捕、被告”或比较固定的合成词如“被俘、被控、被告人、被除数、被害人、被选举权、被剥削者、被压迫民族”等 ,“被 +V”还表现出一定的能产性 ,如“被试”“被看”“被爱”

In this paper,the authors analyze the function of“bei(被)”in the“bei(被)”+Vconstruction which not to act as predicate.The lexican items of“bei”has already become grammatical morphemes,and possessed the function of prefix.And its grammar function denotes passive lexical meaning.So the“bei(被)+V”construction has gained the characters of compounds;and it also has finite productive ability now.For example:“beidong(被动)、beipo(被迫)、beigao(被告)、beikong(被控)”and so on。