江西宋代人才地理研究

Study of Talent Geography of Jiangxi in the Song Dynasty

宋代是江西区域经济、文化高度发达时期。这在文化方面表现尤为突出,江西文化成为了当时先进江南文化的一个重要部分。但我们应该看到,宋代江西文化发达的同时,存在着严重的发展不均衡性,具体体现在人才的地区分布不均上。赣南赣北的江州、赣州、南安军,文化发展较慢,人才分布较稀疏;赣中的吉州、抚州、建昌军、饶州、临江军等地文化发展较快,人才分布较密集。这可以从宋史列传赣籍人物、赣科举进士及赣籍有著作留世者等方面考察出来。宋代江西崇儒尚学的风俗很重;地方学校尤其是乡村学校普及;加之宋政府的重用文人政策及个人勤勉治学,使得人才大量涌现。当然,上述几个方面在建昌军、吉州、饶州、抚州、临江军、洪州等地体现得更为明显。因而会有人才的地理分布不均衡状况。

The Song Dynasty was a period when Jiangxi's regional economy and,especially,culture were highly developed.At that time,Jiangxi's culture was an important part of the advanced culture in the regions south of the Yangtze River.We,however,should notice that while Jiangxi's culture was developed in that period,the development was seriously unbalanced,and the concrete manifestation of it was the uneven distribution of talented people.In Jiangzhou,Ganzhou,Nan'anjun in the south and the north of Jiangxi,the cultural development was slow and the talent distribution was sparse.In Jizhou,Fuzhou,Jianchangjun,Raozhou,Linjiangjun in the central area of Jiangxi,the cultural development was comparatively faster,and the talent distribution was denser.This is reflected in the biographies of Jiangxi's well-known figures,Jiangxi's successful candidates in the highest imperial examinations,and those people of Jiangxi in the Song period whose works have been handed down to present days.In the Song period in Jiangxi there was an atmosphere of revering scholars and learning,and there were schools,and country schools in particular,everywhere.In addition,the government carried out polocies of putting scholars in important positions,and individuals pursued their studies diligently.All these contributed to the emergence of large numbers of talented people.The afore-mentioned,to be sure,was more conspicuously manifested in Jianchangjun,Jizhou,Raozhou,Fuzhou,Linjiangjun,Hongzhou,etc,hence the opinion that the geographic distribution of talented people was unbalence in Jiangxi in that period.