西方供求关系理论述评

A Survey of the Supply-demand Theory in Western Economics

供给决定需求,还是需求决定供给,一直是西方经济学争论的问题。不同时期和不同经济环境中,时而供给决定论居主导,时而需求决定论占主流。由于对供给、需求的地位和作用认识不同,导致对供给和需求这两个推动经济增长的主要力量,何者更为重要的观点各异,有的突出需求,有的强调供给。短期分析,特别是在经济萧条时期,需求对供给和经济增长有重要作用;但长期分析,供给、尤其是有效供给才是扩大需求和促进增长的决定力量。

There are heated discussions in western economics on the issue of whether it is supply determines demand or vice versa.For different periods and under diverse economic environments,sometimes people believe in supply determinism;at times,people holds that demand determines supply.Different views on the roles and functions of supply and demand,the two major forces of stimulating economy,induce different standpoints on which of the two is more important between supply and demand.Some economists emphasize the role of supply,while others stress the function of demand.In the short-term analysis,the economy depression period in particular,demand can play a vital role for economy increase and supply;in the long-term analysis,supply,effective supply in particular,can enlarge demand and accelerate economic growth.