明清永佃与“一田二主”现象新论

A New Study on Forever Tenancy and "One Farmland,Two owners" in Ming and Qing Dynasty

明清以来,我国南方地区土地关系中广泛出现了永佃权和一田二主现象,学界业已进行了大量的研究,但主要是为了用来自西方世界的所有制理论或产权理论对此作出解释说明,这并不能揭示事实的真相。永佃和'一田二主'现象的出现,是特定历史和人文环境条件下的产物,意味着人地关系的相对紧张,地主对土地资源和人口劳动力资源控制能力的下降,社会结构和社会秩序形式发生了一定的变化,与生产力发展水平和商品经济发达程度相关度不大。

The 'forever tenancy' and 'one farmland,two owners' had widely existed in the farmland ownership in the southern areas of China since Ming and Qing dynasty,which had been given a lot of research into.However,most of these researches are mainly to offer explanation by using theories of ownership or property rights which come from the West,which couldn￠t uncover the truth.The occurrence of 'forever tenancy' and 'one farmland,two owners' was the consequence of specific history and human culture background,which indicated a relatively tense relationship between human and land,the descending controlling ability of landlords over land and human labor resource,and that the considerable changes in social order and structure were not closely productivity and market economy.