千古悲辛俘虏歌——论李陵《答苏武书》有关诸问题

The Song of War Prisoners Showed Grieves Forever——On Li Lin’s "A Reply to Shu Wu’s Letter"

李陵《答苏武书》被萧统系于《文选》"书"类之首。唐刘知己从史迁阙载和风格上首疑作者之伪,苏轼坐实之。近世以来,已成定论。其因有三:仍前贤之成说,伪托苏李赠答诗的波及,李陵其人为俘虏的道德判断所累。本文详考了辨析了作者伪托说理由之妄,论述李陵为《答苏武书》作者之由。司马迁曾因平议李陵其人而罹祸,兹后再无人为李陵置一辞。本文从忠孝的取舍与尴尬角度析李陵降胡之因由,并对《答苏武书》所披露的李陵的心路历程作了勾勒。

Li Lin's poem,'A Reply to Shu Wu's Letter',was included at the head of The Analects.Liu Zhi,a critic in Tang Dyasty,first claimed that Li' was not the author of the poem,which was proved true by Shu Shi,for both thought the poem was not composed in Li's style.This assumption was confirmed in recent centuries for three reasons:1) The poem had been composed by a saga in the prior age;2) Shu Shi and Li Lin were commended to write the reply;3) Li Lin used to be a war prisoner.This paper attempts to prove that the second reason was unjustifiable,and argues that Li Lin was the true author of the poem,and reasons are to be given for the argument.A rough profile of the mentality of Li Lin,revealed in the poem,is provided as well.