副词“终于”的形成和发展

The Formation and Development of Adverb "zhong yu"

副词"终于"由非词的分立句法单位词汇化而来,与它的形成密切相关的句子结构是"终于+AP、VP、S"。确定"终于"为副词的形式标志有两个:一是"终于"后面的谓词性成分做句子的谓语;二是除去"终于"后句意不受影响,有的句子甚至出现时间词。"终于"作时间副词始于魏晋时期,成熟于唐宋元明时期,清代又可作语气副词。其词汇化的主要因素是句法位置的变化和隐喻机制。

The adverb"zhong yu"devied from separate sentential units that haven’t formed a word.And its formation is closely related to the sentence structure "zhong yu + AP,VP,S".There are two formal signs to conclude "zhong yu" as an adverb: first:the predicate components which lie behind"zhong yu"act as the predicate of the sentence;second:removal of "zhong yu" will not affecte the sense of the sentence,there are time words in some sentences.The time adverb "zhong yu" had been formed in the period of Wen-Jin and had matured in the period of Tang-Yuan-Ming;it can also acted modality adverb in Qing dynasty.The main factor of its lexicalization is the change of its syntactic position and metaphor mechanism.