中国身份变化与对外经济援助

China’s Changing Identity and its Assistance to Other Countries

以建构主义理论中的身份概念为依据,对中国建国半个多世纪以来的对外援助进行阐释:建国后最初的三十年,中国的对外援助是出于自己是社会主义国家并属于第三世界,以及服务于反殖反霸、支持被压迫民族的解放和发展来考虑;80年代到90年代中期的对外援助则是出于发展中大国的身份并与其他国家共同发展来考虑;90年代中期到现在,中国主要是作为负责任大国实施和平发展战略来考虑对外援助。在未来的对外援助中,中国应进行战略性的思考,把责任和利益相结合,从地缘政治、地缘经济、资源战略和软权力等角度进行更加细化的考虑。

This paper proposes that China's assistance to other countries cannot be explained by realists' theory of national interests.On the basis of the definition of identity of constructivism,this paper puts forward that China's assistance to other countries from 1949 to 1979 was defined by its socialist ideal,internationalism,its partnership in the third world and its willingness to support the struggle against colonialism and hegemonism and the struggle for national independence and development in the third world.From 1980 to 1995,China's assistance to other countries was defined by its identity in the developing world and its willingness of mutual development.From 1997 China began to claim its international responsibility and assist the other countries within the framework of peaceful development.At last this paper thinks it a necessity for China to make a strategic consideration of its assistance on the following perspectives: geopolitics,geoconomics,strategy for resources and soft power.