服务业开放的边境内措施对服务贸易的影响:基于OECD-STRI数据库的经验分析

The Influence of Behind-border Measures of the Service Industry on Service Trade:Empirical Analysis Based on OECDSTRI Database

在当前影响服务贸易和投资的新规则日益从边境间措施转变为边境内措施的背景下,削减边境内的服务贸易限制措施是实现服务贸易自由化的根本途径。文章首先依据OECD-STRI数据库梳理出包含"服务行业-政策领域-政策条款-具体措施"的四级评估框架,以全面反映服务业开放的边境内措施,并在此基础上构建国家层面的服务贸易限制指数及其差异性指标。通过扩展的引力模型,运用世界主要服务贸易国家2015年的截面数据进行跨国实证检验,结果显示:一国服务业开放的边境内措施对服务贸易具有显著的抑制作用,其中,对服务出口的不利影响大约是进口的两倍;另外,国家间服务业开放的边境内措施的差异性也显著抑制了服务贸易。考虑市场结构差异后,服务贸易限制的差异性对双边服务出口的抑制程度降低。进一步考虑零贸易因素的PPML估计和内生性检验也证实了上述结论。论文最后从竞争障碍、监管透明等政策领域提出了放松边境内服务贸易限制,引入竞争机制,加强各国边境内规制融合的政策建议。

With the current shifting focus on the new rules of trade and investment from cross-border measures to the behind-border measures,reducing service trade restrictions on behind-border measures is the fundamental way to liberalize the service trade.This article first sets a fourth level of evaluation framework including ' service industry-policy areas-policy clauses-specific measures' according to the OECD-STRI database in order to comprehensively reflect the behind-border measures of the openness of the service industry and build a national-level Services Trade Restrictiveness Index and its heterogeneity index. Through extended gravity models and cross-sectional empirical data of major service trade pairs countries in the world in 2015,the results show that the behind-border measures of the openness of the service industry in a country have a significant negative effect on trade in services. Among them,the adverse impact on exports services is about twice than that on imports;in addition,the heterogeneity of behind-borders measures for the opening up of the service industry between countries also significantly restrictes trade in services.Considering the difference of market structure,the degree of restriction of service trade heterogeneously to bilateral service export is reducing. The PPML method and endogenous test to further consideration of the zero trade factor also proves the conclusion. In the end,the dissertation puts forward the policy recommendations to relax the negative effect on service trade behind borders,introducing competition mechanisms,and strengthening the integration of measures behind borders within various countries.