全球价值链参与增加了劳动力就业风险吗?:基于中国工业企业的经验分析

Does GVC Participation Increase Employment Risk?: Empirical Analysis Based on Industrial Enterprises in China

基于2000~2007年中国工业企业的面板数据,文章检验了全球价值链参与对中国劳动力就业风险的影响。研究结果显示:伴随企业全球价值链参与程度的不断加深,劳动力的就业风险也会随之显著增加。企业参与全球价值链对劳动力就业风险的影响在劳动力的分布上存在差异,即增加了高工资区域企业和高劳动密集型企业中劳动力面临的就业风险;此外,企业参与全球价值链增加了大专及以下受教育程度劳动力的就业风险,劳动力的技能越低,其面对的就业风险也将显著增加。进一步的研究发现,全球价值链参与主要是通过替代效应和规模效应对劳动力就业风险产生影响,其中规模效应的影响相对更大。

This paper studies the impact of GVCs participation on the employment risk of China’s labor force by using micro panel data of Chinese enterprises from 2000 to 2007. The results show that labor employment risk in China will increase significantly with the deepening participation of enterprises in the GVCs. The effect of GVCs participation on labor employment risk is different in the distribution of labor force. It mainly increases the employment risk for workers of high-wage regional enterprises and high labor-intensive enterprises. And it also increases the employment risk for workers with bachelor degree below,the lower the skills of the labor force,the bigger the employment risk they face. Further,GVCs participation influences labor employment risk through substitution effect and scale effect,among which scale effect has a greater impact. The conclusions of this paper have important policy implications for reducing the employment risk and negative impact on labor market of GVCs participation.