从举借外债、吸收外资到双向投资:新中国70年“引进来”与“走出去”的政策与经验回顾

From Raising Foreign Debt to Absorbing Foreign Capital,and Then Holding Two-way Investment: A Review of the Policies and Experience of "Bringing in" and "Going out" of New China in the Past 70 Years

回顾新中国成立的70年,1978年恰恰是前30年和后40年的分水岭。在前30年,中国不仅经历了向苏联举借外债以解资金之渴的阵痛,也遭遇了十年浩劫的洗礼。1978年党中央作出改革开放的战略决策不仅是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择,也是在内忧外患的情况下使党和国家从危难中重新奋起的历史抉择。在后40年,改革开放和制度创新使中国的双向投资迅速发展。随着对外开放步伐的加快和外资政策的调整,中国在经历了同时起步、引进为主、快速发展、并驾齐驱4个阶段后,在'1+3+7+1'自贸试验区格局的建设中,通过自贸区引进外资和对外投资进一步带动了双向投资的发展。对外开放和制度创新是新中国70年'引进来'与'走出去'获得巨大发展的重要经验。

When we look back on the 70 years since the founding of New China,the year of 1978 marks the watershed between the two historical periods.In the period before the reform and opening up,China not only experienced the pain of borrowing money from the Soviet Union,but also suffered a decade of disaster.The strategic decision of reform and opening up made by the CPC central committee in 1978 is not only a crucial choice to determine the fate of contemporary China,but also a historical choice to make the Party and the country rise up from the crisis in the face of internal and external troubles.In the period of the reform and opening up,reform,opening up and institutional innovation have led to the rapid development of two-way investment in China.With the acceleration of the pace of opening up and the adjustment of foreign investment policy,the development of China’s two-way investment has experienced several stages,such as the stage of starting at the same time,the stage of focusing on introduction,the stage of rapid development and the stage of keeping pace with each other.Thanks to the construction of the'1+3+7+1'pilot free trade zone pattern,the foreign investment and the investment abroad through the free trade zone further drives the development of China’s two-way investment.The opening up policy and the institutional innovation are the significant experiences that'bringing in'and'going global'strategies of New China have achieved great development in the past 70 years.