贸易中介空间集聚如何提升出口边际:沟通外溢性视角

How Does Trade Intermediaries’ Agglomeration Promote Export Margin: A Perspective from Communication Spillover

在特定经济空间集聚及带来的出口信息外溢是贸易中介推动企业出口发展的重要路径。在异质性理论框架下,文章通过匹配1999~2009年中国工业企业数据库与海关贸易数据库的企业层面数据,实证分析了贸易中介空间集聚及其沟通外溢性对出口边际的影响机制。研究发现,贸易中介空间集聚优势降低了出口企业生产率门槛值下限,并对高生产率出口企业选择间接出口方式具有显著的激励效应;不同行业贸易中介的多样化集聚有利于提升出口扩展边际,而同行业专业化集聚则主要在于扩张企业出口规模;出口信息沟通外溢效应是集聚影响出口发展的核心中间传导机制,相对而言,基于面对面接触和交流的非正式信息外溢方式更有利于促进企业出口扩展边际提升,而通过培训等可编码化的正式合作方式则促进了企业出口集约边际增长;一般贸易企业主要通过集聚型贸易中介拓展出口扩展边际,而加工贸易企业则主要利用贸易中介空间集聚外溢性促进出口规模增长;由于固定贸易成本较高,贸易中介空间集聚及其沟通外溢性对进入中低收入目的国的企业影响更为显著,而进入高收入目的国企业则对双方是否签订自贸协定更为敏感;成立年龄越小和所在城市规模等级越低的企业更倾向于利用贸易中介集聚及信息外溢效应促进出口规模扩张。文章不仅改进了新新贸易理论有关出口企业生产率门槛值的固有结论,也是对国际贸易是否会'去中介化'的初步回应,同时对中国企业优化出口方式与结构具有重要的现实启示价值。

It is an important path to promote export’s development with trade intermediaries’agglomeration and the spillover of export information.Under a framework of heterogeneity theory,we testify the influence mechanism of trade intermediaries’agglomeration and communication spillover to export margin by matching the enterprise data of Chinese industrial enterprise database and Customs trade database from 1999 to 2009.We find that:the advantage of trade intermediaries’agglomeration reduces the lower limit of productivity threshold of export and has a significant incentive effect on high-productivity enterprise to choose indirect export,The diversified agglomeration is conducive to improving expansive margin,while specialized agglomeration mainly lies in expanding export scales.Information spillover is the core transmission mechanism between agglomeration and export development.The informal information spillover way is more advantageous to promote expansive margin,while the formal cooperation mode promotes the intensive margi.General trade enterprises mainly expand their expansive margin through trade intermediaries’agglomeration,while processing trade enterprises mainly use trade intermediaries’agglomeration to promote export scales.Due to the higher fixed trade cost,intermediaries’agglomeration has more significant impact on enterprises entering the low-middle income countries,while enterprises entering high-income countries are more sensitive to free trade agreements.The younger the enterprises and the smaller the city scale,the more likely the enterprises are to use trade intermediaries’agglomeration to promote export scale.This paper not only improves the inherent conclusion of the new-new trade theory,but also takes a theoretical response to the'antidisintermediation'of international trade,it also has an important practical enlightenment value for Chinese enterprises to optimize the export mode and structure.