全球价值链嵌入对中国装备制造业转型升级的影响研究

Research on the Impact of Global Value Chain Embedding on the Transformation and Upgrading of China’s Equipment Manufacturing Industry

文章运用1995~2014年WTO与OECD联合发布的Ti VA数据库和中国装备制造业部门的面板数据,测度了中国装备制造业的全球价值链(GVC)嵌入程度,构建了中国装备制造业转型升级的指标体系,并运用GMM方法,实证考察了GVC嵌入对中国装备制造业转型升级的影响机制。研究发现,1995~2014年,中国装备制造业整体的转型升级效果在震荡中呈现上升趋势,且在GVC中表现出'深参与、低嵌入'的特征,但存在一定的行业异质性。实证研究发现,GVC嵌入能够推动中国装备制造业的转型升级,且呈现边际递增趋势。同时,中国装备制造业嵌入GVC会通过中间品效应、链中学效应、竞争效应改善中国装备制造业的转型升级成效。但上述改善机制存在一定的行业异质性,技术水平越高的行业越依赖于由中间品效应产生的GVC中低端嵌入路径实现转型升级,技术水平越低的行业则越依赖于由竞争效应产生的GVC高端嵌入路径完成转型升级,而由链中学效应产生的GVC高端嵌入路径则能够带动装备制造业完成整体转型升级,且对高技术行业的带动效应更强。

This paper uses the TiV A database jointly released by the WTO and the OECD,and utilizes the panel data of the Chinese Equipment Manufacturing(EMI)sector from 1995 to 2014.The paper measures the embedding degree of Global Value Chain(GVC)about China’s EMI,builds the index system of China’s EMI’s transformation and upgrading,and uses GMM to accomplish the empirical examination about the impact mechanism of GVC embedding on the transformation and upgrading of China’s EMI.The study finds that from 1995 to 2014,the overall transformation and upgrading effect of China’s EMI continued to improve,and it shows the characteristics of'deep participation and low embedding'in GVC,but it shows industry heterogeneity.The empirical research found that GVC embedding can promote the transformation and upgrading of China’s EMI,and it shows a marginal increasing trend.At the same time,the GVC embedding will improve the transformation and upgrading of China’s EMI through intermediate product effects,learning by GVC effects,and competitive effects.However,the above improvement mecha-nism also shows industry heterogeneity.The higher level of technology the industry,the more dependent on the low-end embedded path of GVC generated by the intermediate product effect to achieve transformation and upgrading.The industry with lower technical level relies on the GVC high-end embedded path generated by the competitive effect to complete the transformation and upgrade.The high-end embedded path of GVC generated by the learning by GVC effect can drive the EMI to complete the transformation and upgrading,and the driving effect on the high-tech industry is stronger.