交通廊道对城市社会空间的侵入作用——以北京市德外大街改造工程为例

Invasion impacts of transportation corridor on urban social space: a case study of Dewai Street in Beijing

城市社会空间是城市规划和城市地理学的重要研究内容。城市实体结构是城市社会空间的重要影响因子 ,而城市交通廊道又是最活跃的一种城市实体要素。交通廊道对城市社会空间的作用有侵入、隔离、接替等。本文以北京市德外大街改造工程为例 ,分析交通廊道对所经过的社会空间的影响。就其理论意义而言 ,从一个侧面挖掘了美国地理学家莫迪“城市社会空间结构模型”中城市实体层面对社会空间层面的作用机制 ,即交通廊道是通过切断社会空间关联来影响所经社会空间的。就其实践意义而言 ,提出在城市大型交通廊道建设中 ,应该注意保持城市居民生活基本空间单元的完整性。同时指出城市社会空间是一个有机体 ,不同类型的城市社会空间单元在适应实体空间变化上存在差异性。帕森斯的AGIL理论可以解释德外社区为什么可以积极地适应交通廊道的侵入。

Urban social space is an essential topic of urban planning and urban geography. Urban physical space is one of the important impact factors of urban social space,and transportation corridor is a most active element of urban physical space,which affects the urban social space by invasion,separation, succession and so on. Dewai Street is one of the main transportation corridors in Beijing City. It was 4 times widened after its reconstruction in the spring of 2002. Taking it as an example, this paper analyses the social effect upon its passing area. As far as the academic significance of this case study, the paper interprets the mechanism of American geographer R. A. Murdie's model of urban social space, which shows how transportation corridor affects social space by cutting the communication of its passing community. Upon entering the 21st century, some geographers in US and UK have been calling for linking material research and immaterial research of urban space, such as L. Lees and P. Gober. The case study of Dewai Street and its passing community is a response to the call. As far as the practical meaning is concerned, the paper puts forward that the integrity of urban living units should be kept up. At the same time, the paper points out the distinction of different kinds of social space cells while adapting to the change of physical space. And AGIL scheme of T. Parsons serves as an explanation tool to interpret why Dewai Community could adjust itself to the space change so quickly.