顾及生态损益的生态补偿支付次序研究——以湖北省为例

Ecological Compensation Payment Order with Considering the Ecological Profit and Loss——The Case of Hubei Province

建立和完善生态补偿机制,有利于不同主体功能区主导功能的发挥,其中合理确定支付次序对开展生态补偿实践具有重要意义。在科学假设的前提下,根据“谁受益,谁补偿”、“谁污染、谁付费”的原则,以湖北省为例,以44个重点开发区(提供补偿区域)和30个重点生态功能区(受偿区域)为研究对象,从生态损益视角提出生态补偿支付次序优先度模型。结果表明:(1)基于重点开发区接受重点生态功能区的生态受惠量相对大小,补偿支付次序整体上遵循距离衰减规律,部分地区呈现“先后交错分布”的特点。(2)根据重点开发区对重点生态功能区的生态致损量相对大小,补偿支付次序整体上呈“东先西后”分布。由先到后依次为东部武汉城市圈、中部江汉平原西部及其以北地区、西部地区。(3)顾及生态损益两个视角,重点开发区生态补偿综合支付次序呈现较明显的空间分异特征。整体上为“东西先、中间后”分布,局部地区不同重点开发区对重点生态功能区生态补偿支付次序的影响因素不同。

Establishing and improving the ecological compensation mechanism are beneficial to the leading functions of different Major Function-oriented Zones, among which the reasonable determination of payment order is of great significance to the practice of ecological compensation. On the premise of scientific hypothesis, according to the principles of"who benefits, who compensation"and"polluter pays", taking Hubei Province as an example, the 44 Key development zones(compensation area) and 30 key ecological functional zones(priority area) as the research object, the ecological compensation payment order priority model is proposed from the ecological profit and loss. The results show that: 1)Based on the relative amount of ecological benefit that the key development zones accepted from the key ecological functional zones, the compensation payment order conforms to the rules of distance decay, some areas appear the characteristic of"staggered distribution". 2)According to the relative size of the ecological loss of key ecological functional zones in the key development zones, the distribution of compensation payment order is"East before the West",as a whole. From first to last, followed by Wuhan Metropolitan Area, the west of Jianghan Plain and its northern areas,the western region. 3)Considering the two perspectives of ecological profit and loss, the comprehensive payment order of ecological compensation in the key development zones shows obvious spatial differentiation characteristic. As a whole,the distribution characteristic of payment order is"East and West region first, after the central region". In some areas,different key development zones have different influence factors on the payment order of ecological compensation in key ecological functional zones.