中国城市高速铁路客运的空间联系格局

China’s City High-Speed Rail(HSR) Passenger Spatial Linkage Pattern and Its Influence Factors

基于全国高速铁路班次数据,通过传统重力模型和GIS空间分析等技术方法探讨中国城市高铁客运空间联系格局及其影响因素,研究发现:(1)高客运量城市集中于东部地区和区域中心城市,东部城市群高客运量城市扎堆,而西部地区高客运量城市稀疏。全国城市高铁客运量与城市等级体系、经济发展格局基本对应。局部区域高铁客运量格局包括中心城市极化型、多核心均衡型和低水平发展型的三种典型类型区。(2)城市高铁客运量具有显著的时间距离衰减特征,高铁客运量集中于城市4 h范围内,高铁出行更适合中心城市密度较高的城市群地区。(3)高强度联系网络主要分布于东部城市群内部和东中部地区'四纵两横'沿线部分区段,中心城市密集地区的高铁联系网络的强度普遍较高。(4)经济因素是高铁客流生成的根本动力,高铁可达性和城市等级也是影响城市客运格局的主要因素。与传统铁路相比,城市吸引力和时间距离对高铁沿线城市空间相互作用的正负影响程度均有明显的削弱。

Based on the linkage density accessibility and rank-size rule and gravity model, this article explores HSR passenger spatial linkage pattern and its influence factors using national HSR services data, the research results show that:firstly, cities with higher passenger flow concentrate in eastern region and main cities in China. Secondly HSR passenger flow has significant time-space distance decay rules. In addition passengers mainly are located in four hours range. HSR network more is appropriate for urban agglomeration with high city density. HSR passenger flow spatial distribution corresponds to the regional economic pattern, urban hierarchical structures. The urban agglomeration in the eastern region and the "four vertical and four horizontal" HSR network constitute the strongest linkage network of HSR in China.Especially Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations overall has highest HSR hub level. At last, Economic develop level is essential factor for passenger scale, HSR accessibility and urban hierarchy are also main factor. Furthermore compared with conventional rail, spatial and temporal distance and urban attraction under influence of HSR exert weaker influence on the city spatial interaction.