农民工跨越市民化经济门槛分析——基于生活工资Anker法的新测量工具

Analysis of the Migrant Workers Crossing the Economy Threshold of Urbanization:A New Measurement Tool Applying the Estimate of Living Wage Based on the Anker Methodology

生活工资是工人在标准工作时间内所获得的能够担负其家庭维持基本体面生活标准的报酬水平。文章基于生活工资的Anker法,将典型的农业转移人口维持其家庭在务工地基本体面生活标准的工资水平设定为典型成都市农业转移人口市民化经济门槛。据此,测定了成都地区农业转移人口市民化的低水准市民化门槛(即只考虑租房居住的生活工资)为2 710元/月,高水准的市民化门槛(即考虑购房居住的生活工资)为3 407元/月。进一步,根据卫计委2015年流动人口动态监测数据,成都农业转移人口中,69%跨越低水准市民化经济门槛,48%跨越高水准市民化经济门槛。结合市民化意愿,既有市民化意愿又有低水准市民化能力的占50%,有市民化意愿但无低水准市民化能力的占20%。生活工资作为市民化经济门槛,可将现有研究中以公共成本为核心的市民化成本核算与以群体素质为核心的市民化能力评价这两条割裂的路径在同一框架下得以统一,在实践上具有多种优势,具备成为市民化研究的新测量工具的性质。

Living wage is the remuneration received for a standard work period by a worker that can afford a basic standard of decent living for her or his family. Based on the Anker method, this paper calculates living wage for migrant workers in Chengdu which is set to be the economy threshold of urbanization for the decent living at the work site. The estimate of low-level economy threshold of urbanization(in rental housing mode) is 2710 RMB per month, and the estimate of high-level economy threshold of urbanization(in owner-occupied housing mode) is 3407 RMB per month.According to migrant population dynamic monitoring data(2015), 69% of migrant workers are above the level of lowlevel threshold and 48% of migrant workers are above the level of high-level threshold. Taking urbanization intension into consideration, 50% of migrant workers who both have the urbanization intension and the urbanization economy ability are above the low-level threshold, and 20% of migrant workers have the urbanization intension, but do not have the urbanization economy ability. Calculating living wage can unify the approach of urbanization cost accounting centered on public cost and urbanization ability centered on group quality. This method has various advantages in practice and has the nature to be a new measurement tool in urbanization studies.