京津冀城市职能演变特征与优化对策

Evolutional Characteristics and Optimization Countermeasures of Urban Functions in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration

运用城市基本部分测算模型、纳尔逊分类方法、对应分析、城市专业化部门相似度和B/N比等方法对2005—2015年京津冀城市职能演变特征进行研究,结果表明:(1)工业职能规模较小,北京从电子设备、石化、钢铁、汽车、食品饮料演变为汽车、医药、通用设备、电子设备。天津从石化、钢铁、电子设备、装备制造演变为装备制造、电子设备、新能源汽车、钢铁。河北从钢铁、装备制造、石油化工、食品、医药、建材、纺织服装演变为装备制造、钢铁、石化、医药、建材、食品、纺织服装业。(2)服务业职能规模较大,北京从信息、商务、科技、交通运输、住宿餐饮、房地产、居民服务、文体演变为信息、商务、科技、文体、房地产、金融、交通运输、批发零售、住宿餐饮、居民服务。天津从交通运输、科技、商务、居民服务演变为交通运输、科技、金融、居民服务。河北主要是金融和公共服务职能,整体变化较小。(3)在行业专业化水平,矿业、建筑业等工业职能强化,交通、信息、科技、金融等生产性服务业职能提升明显,文体职能也提升,住宿和餐饮、房地产职能弱化,其他行业相对稳定。(4)城市职能规模等级明显,划分为四个等级类型,北京是超大型综合服务业职能城市,天津是超大型制造业、交通运输、科技服务为主导的专业职能城市,保定、唐山、石家庄、邯郸是大型专业职能城市,秦皇岛、张家口、廊坊、邢台、承德、沧州、衡水是中小型专业职能城市。(5)京津冀城市职能之间互补性在提高,城市职能空间联系规模和范围扩大,以北京、天津、廊坊为核心呈网络化发展趋势,河北城市之间的联系较弱。

The research on urban functions can provide important references for evaluating cities and promoting the capabilities of urban impact on their hinterlands. Based on methods such as urban function scale calculation model,Nelson classification, correspondence analysis, urban specialized sectors similarity and B/N ratio,this paper analyses the evolutional characteristics of urban functions in Beijing-Tianjin–Hebei during the period from 2005 to 2015.The results show that: To begin with, the scales of urban industrial function were limited, industrial function of Beijing evolved from sectors of the electronic equipment, petrochemical, steel, automobiles, food and beverage into sectors of automobiles,pharmaceuticals, general equipment, electronic equipment. During the same time, industrial functions were changed in Tianjin from petrochemical, steel, electronic equipment, equipment manufacturing into equipment manufacturing,electronic equipment, new energy vehicles, steel, and for Hebei, it was from steel, equipment manufacturing,petrochemical, food, medicine, building materials, textile and apparel to equipment manufacturing, steel, petrochemical,medicine, building materials, food, textile and apparel. Secondly, the function of the service industry was dominant. This kind of functions in Beijing evolved from sectors including information, business, science and technology, transportation,accommodation and catering, real estate, residential services, culture and sports, to sectors including information,business, science and technology, culture and sports, real estate, finance, transportation, wholesale and retail,accommodation and catering, residential services. In Tianjin, services sectors including transportation, science and technology, commerce and residents’ services were replaced by transportation, technology, finance and resident services,while in Hebei, where financial and public service functions were major, the overall change was small. Thirdly, in terms of urban specialized sectors, sectors like mining, construction and other industrial functions got enhanced, and sectors like transportation, information, science and technology, finance and other producer services have increased obviously, and functions about culture and sports have also been upgraded, while sectors like accommodation and catering, real estate functions became weaken, and other sectors remained relatively stable. Fourthly, urban functions in Beijing-TianjinHebei were obviously hierarchical, and cities can be divided into four quite different grades. Beijing was a super large comprehensive service industry city, and Tianjin was a super large major functional city with manufacturing,transportation and residential services. Apart from that, Baoding, Tangshan, Shijiazhuang and Handan were large professional functional cities, and Qinhuangdao, Zhangjiakou, Langfang, Xingtai,Chengde, Cangzhou and Hengshui were small and medium-sized specialized functional cities. Finally, the complementarity of urban functions in Beijing-TianjinHebei was improving, and the scale and scope of the spatial connection of the urban function had enlarged. The development trend of the functional network was based on the core of Beijing, Tianjin and Langfang, while intercity links remained weak among cities in Hebei.