不同经济梯度区典型农村居民点形态特征识别与调控

Morphological Characteristics Identification and Adjustment of Typical Rural Settlements Based on Different Economic Gradient Regions

以河南省孟津县为例,在县域经济梯度划分的基础上,选取典型案例区,从农村居民点的景观结构与空间邻近特征、公共设施与住宅内部结构特征、农户生产生活与社会结构特征等要素出发,刻画农村居民点的经济梯度分异特征。结果表明:资源禀赋条件差异是造成村庄经济格局异化的重要原因,经济发展水平又反作用于村庄的景观结构,农村居民点邻接景观地类是村庄内部功能结构的有效反映,良好的空间联通性是村庄经济发展的重要支撑条件;受村委“配套筹资能力”的影响,不同经济梯度区内村庄的基础设施建设水平差异巨大,农户的住宅结构受到当地自然环境的约束,且往往与农户的生计需求相匹配;村庄的经济发展水平越高,村民受城市生活方式的影响就越强烈,经济发达地区农户的社会网络结构呈现出多元化态势,传统农区则存在着留守老人、留守儿童及大龄男青年的婚姻困难等系列问题。最后,本研究结合不同经济梯度下村庄演化趋势的判读,提出了相应的调控方向和整治措施,研究结果可为乡村振兴战略的有序实施提供决策参考。

Mengjin County in Henan province was selected in this article as a case to probe the differentiation characteristics of rural settlements within different economic gradient at county scale, trait elements related to rural settlements include landscape pattern and spatial adjacency, public infrastructure and residential interior structure,household production and living, and social hierarchy. The results show that the difference in resource endowment is an important factor in the diversification of economic pattern, the level of economic development impact their landscape patterns indirectly, land use types adjacent to rural residential areas reflect the interior functions and spatial connectivity is an important supporting condition for rural economic development. Affected by the"supporting financing capacity"of the village committee and different economic gradient, it has a big difference in the infrastructure construction level, and the residential structure of farmers is restrained by the natural environment and often matches the livelihood needs of farmers. The higher the economic development level of village, the stronger the influence of the urban lifestyle to the farmers, it shows a diversified trend of social communication network in economically developed areas, the problems of the elderly left behind, the left-behind children and the marriage difficulties of the aged young men are prevalent in traditional villages. Finally, coupling with the tendency of typical village evolution in different economic gradient areas,this article put forward the corresponding regulation and renovation measures and provide the decision-making reference in the implementation of rural revitalization strategy.