1978—2015年中国糖料作物生产集中化水平变迁

Spatial Evolution of China’s Sugar Crops Production in 1978-2015

供给侧结构性改革形势下,如何确保食糖产品供给稳定与区域供需平衡、及时调整产业政策与区域布局策略具备重要意义。基于1978—2015年省域层面数据,采用空间洛伦兹曲线的集中化指数,从产业整体和品种细分两个视角分别展开糖料作物生产布局动态演进趋势定量分析。研究表明:改革开放以来,糖料作物生产集中化程度明显提升,甘蔗和甜菜生产均出现了较大幅度的位置迁移。其中,甘蔗集中化指数变动路径与糖料作物产业整体更为接近,其集中化贡献程度优于甜菜,呈现'U'型变动轨迹,生产逐步向广西、云南等地集中;而甜菜为'升—降—升—降—升'的类'M'型波浪式演进,东北传统产区地位正在下降,主产区正在向西北省域迁移,且集中化水平仍存在提升空间。文章提出甘蔗才是食糖产业发展之关键,确保食糖产业安全首要任务是稳抓广西、云南两省区甘蔗生产;此外,还应进一步优化甜菜优势区域布局,提升新疆、内蒙古等西北产区优势的同时稳住东北传统产区。

Under the background of supply-side structural reform, it is of significant to ensure the balance of sugar supply and demand and timely adjust industrial policy and regional distribution strategy. Basing on the provincial data from 1978 to 2015 and using the concentration index of Lorentz, this paper quantitatively analyzes the evolution trend of sugar crops production layout from the perspective of the industry and products. The results show that the centralization degree of sugar crops production has been improved obviously since the reform and opening. Producing areas of sugar cane and sugar beet both show a certain degree of location migration. The trend of centralized index of sugar cane is closer to the sugar industry, and the contribution of its concentration is higher than that of sugar beet. Sugar cane is gradually concentrated to the province of Guangxi and Yunnan Province, and shows 'U' type of change trend. At the same time, the beet crop shows a M-shaped fluctuation change. With the decline of the status of traditional beet producing areas in northeastern China, the main producing areas are migrating to the northwestern China, and there is some room to enhance centralized level. According to the results, sugar cane is the key to the development of sugar industry. Therefore, the primary task is to ensure the safety of the sugar industry and effectively protect the sugar cane production in Guangxi and Yunnan. In addition, the government should further optimize the distribution of sugar beet areas, enhance the advantages of the northwest region including Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, while maintain the traditional producing areas in the northeastern China.