胶州湾跨海通道对区域交通可达性的空间影响

The Spatial Influence of Kiaochow Bay Subsea Tunnel on Regional Traffic Accessibility

系统梳理国内外交通可达性成果的基础上,深化其在中小尺度的问题探究及其与区位、规模、交通质量等关系探讨,借助ArcGIS技术平台及相关方法,对胶州湾跨海通道开通前后的栅格可达性变化格局进行了实证研究,结果表明:(1)计算节点的累积节省时间能够大致描绘多条跨海通道的空间作用边界,胶州湾跨海通道的优势影响范围划分表现为跨海大桥对海底隧道的空间袭夺。(2)跨海通道开通后,登陆点附近交通圈的可达范围遵循距离衰减规律非均衡地向外扩展,重点强化了环胶州湾地区的1 h交通联系,并在市北区—城阳区、市南区—崂山区等形成沿通道、岸线延伸的"交通走廊"。(3)可达性水平与节点区位、交通设施便捷程度相关,二者强度博弈体现了"人—地"相互作用对可达性变化的约束与平衡。(4)跨海通道建设局部性地改善了青岛市交通可达性环境,对节点不利区位的改造能力集中于沿海地区并产生马太效应。其中,可达性、区位抗阻能力均较差的平度新河镇—莱西马连庄镇沿线被认为是青岛市真正的交通边缘地区。

Systematically analyzing the results of domestic and international traffic accessibility, this paper explores the relationship between the accessibility and the spatial location, scale and traffic quality at the small and medium scale.With ArcGIS software and related methods, this paper empirically analyzes the pattern of accessibility change before and after the opening of Kiaochow Bay Subsea Tunnel with grid cost distance. The results showed that: 1) Calculating the cumulative save time can roughly describe the spatial boundaries of several adjacent passageways. The advantageous influence scope of Kiaochow Bay Subsea Tunnel is deprived by as a cross-sea bridge. 2) After the opening of the Kiaochow Bay Subsea Tunnel, the accessibility range of isochronous traffic circle of the near landing area follows the distance-decay law and unevenly expands outward, the scope of 1 h traffic links was effectively enhanced around the region of Kiaochow Bay. And the 'traffic corridor' along the passageway and shoreline extension was distributed in Shibei-Chengyang and Shinan-Laoshan. 3) The level of accessibility was related to the location of the nodes and the improvement effect of the traffic facilities. The intensity of both sides game revealed that changes of accessibility were constrained and balanced by human-land interaction. 4) Kiaochow Bay Subsea Tunnel locally improved the traffic accessibility environment of Qingdao and the transformation ability of the unfavorable location was concentrated in the coastal areas and had the Matthew effect. The region of Xinhe-Malianzhuang was considered to be the real edge of Qingdao due to accessibility.